How to compile all resources into one executable file?

No, because the Glade file is XML and the images are binary data, respectively, and you generate source code. Typically, you would develop an installer, which is a self-unpacking archive that, when run, places various files in the appropriate folders.

Apparently, we can use the pyinstaller library but the issue with pyinstaller is that it will unpack all the collected resources into a temporary directory and store the location to _MEIPASS2 variable. Hence, you need to add an additional set of code, to get the file paths in the development and the packed versions as :

def resource_path(relative):
    return os.path.join(
        os.environ.get(
            "_MEIPASS2",
            os.path.abspath(".")
        ),
        relative
    )

But this method is quite tricky and cumbersome.